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Ms. Giannopoulos' Latin Classes

seventh grade

Future Tense of Latin Verbs

7/11/2017

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The future tense is the third of six tenses that we learned this year.  

How to Form the Imperfect Tense
  • Use this worksheet to review the formation rules and to practice translating present tense sentences from Latin to English and English to Latin.
  • Watch these videos:
    • how to conjugate imperfect tense 1st conjugation verbs (this video also previews 2nd conjugation... which forms the future in the same way!

Don't forget!
There are two ways to translate the future tense:  Marcus agricolam laudabit.
  1. Marcus will praise the farmer.  (This should be the one you use the most!!!!!)
  2. Marcus shall praise the farmer. 
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Imperfect Tense of Latin Verbs

8/15/2016

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The imperfect tense is the second of six tenses that we learned this year.  

How to Form the Imperfect Tense
  • Use this worksheet to review the formation rules and to practice translating present tense sentences from Latin to English and English to Latin.
  • Watch these videos:
    • how to conjugate imperfect tense 1st conjugation verbs
    • a fun way to memorize your imperfect tense endings (this song will get stuck in your head!)
    • a more detailed review of the imperfect tens

Don't forget!
There are three ways to translate the imperfect tense:  Marcus agricolam spectabat.
  1. Marcus was watching the farmer. (This should be the one you use the most!!!!!)
  2. Marcus used to watch the farmer
  3. Marcus kept watching the farmer.
  4. Marcus watched the farmer.  (Try not to use this one... this is very similar to the perfect tense)
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The Olympics Start Tonight!

8/5/2016

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Check out my blog post on the Olympics!  ​  As you watch the Summer Games, make sure you keep an eye out for references to ancient history.
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Present Tense of Latin Verbs

8/3/2016

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The present tense is the first of six tenses that we learned this year.  

How to Form the Present Tense
  • Use this worksheet to review the formation rules and to practice translating present tense sentences from Latin to English and English to Latin.
  • Watch this video to review how to form the present tense of Latin verbs.

Don't forget!
There are three ways to translate the present tense:  Marcus agricolam spectat.
  1. Marcus watches the farmer.
  2. Marcus is watching the farmer
  3. Marcus does watch the farmer.


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Characteristics of Latin Verbs

8/3/2016

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Verbs are the most important parts are sentences because they tell us everything we need to know about the sentence, including:
  • the subject of the sentence (person and number)
  • the voice of the sentence (active or passive)
  • the time of the sentence (tense)

When we first learned Latin verbs, we learned the personal endings of verbs.  These are very important and they must be memorized.  Once you know the personal endings, you can pretty much translate any verb you need.

We have active and passive personal endings for Latin verbs.  Today, we'll focus on the active personal endings.  

Active Personal Endings
Person and Number      Latin Ending       Translation
1st singular                                 -o/-m                         I
2nd singular                               -s                                 you
3rd singular                               -t                                  he/she/it
1st plural                                     -mus                          we
2nd plural                                   -tis                              you (all)
3rd plural                                    -nt                               they

We will see these personal endings on most active verbs, including special verbs like sum.  Therefore, it is very important that you memorize the endings in Latin and what they mean in English.  If you know these endings and what they mean, then you can tell who/what the subject is.

e.g., navigamus = we sail
e.g., porto = I carry
e.g., spectant = they watch



If you want more review on this, use these resources:
  • our favorite video on Latin verb endings... amo, amas, amat, amamus, amatis, amant!
  • a Latin to English practice worksheet with answer key 
  • an English to Latin practice worksheet with answer key
  • a review on first conjugation verbs


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Prepositions

7/14/2016

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A preposition is a word that controls a noun and usually expresses a relationship between direction, location, or time.  We learned a lot of prepositions this year!  Let's review how they work.

Rules for Prepositions:
  • A preposition controls the case of a noun.  This noun is called the object of the preposition.
  • This is the order of translation:  preposition + noun (object of preposition)
  • Some prepositions take the accusative case; some prepositions take the ablative case.
    • If the preposition takes the accusative case, the object of the preposition will be accusative.
    • If the preposition takes the ablative case, the object of the preposition will be ablative.
  • The case of the object of the preposition depends on the preposition.  
  • The object of the preposition always comes AFTER the preposition.

Exempla:
  • The farmer is in the town.   Agricola est in oppido.
    • in is the preposition, and it takes the ablative case
    • oppido is the object of the preposition; it is ablative because in takes the ablative
  • The sailor sails around the island.  Nauta navigat circum insulam.
    • circum is the preposition, and it takes the accusative case
    • insulam is the object of the preposition; it is accusative because circum takes the accusative case
More Review:
  • Not one, but TWO quizlets on prepositions! 
    • One quizlet with prepositions and cases on the front, definitions on the back
    • Another quizlet with prepositions only on the front, cases and definitions on the bck
  • A review worksheet; this has a chart of the prepositions we have learned with some exercises (answer key attached).
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Declining Latin Nouns

7/12/2016

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Overview of Latin Noun Declensions
  • When we decline a Latin noun, we are changing its ending to show a noun's function in a sentence.  
  • A declension is a group of nouns that declines the same way (they have the same case endings).
  • So far, we have learned the first, second, and third declensions.
  • You can tell a noun's declension by looking at the genitive singular ending.  
  • When you look up a noun in the dictionary, this is what it looks like:
                                      puella,           puellae,                    f.,                girl
                            nom. sing.            gen. sing.          gender         definition

How to Decline a Latin Noun:
  1. Fill in the given nominative and genitive forms 
  2. Get the stem of the noun (go to the genitive singular and chop off the genitive ending)
  3. Add the rest of the endings to your stem.

Here is some additional review material for you:
  • A list of all the declension endings we've learned so far (we didn't learn 3rd neuter yet, we'll do that in September).
  • A worksheet to review noun declensions and forms.  
  • A video on the first declension (with a review of how to decline Aeneas' name)
  • A video on the second declension masculine
  • A video on the second declension neuter
  • A video on the third declension

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Cases of Latin Nouns

7/7/2016

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Here is a quick overview of nouns:

  • Nouns have different functions (subject, direct object, etc.).  In Latin class, function = case, so when a noun's function changes, its case changes.  
  • When a noun's function/case changes, the noun's ending changes.   This ending is called the case ending.
  • Each case has its own ending, so you can tell by the noun's ending in a sentence what case/function the noun is.  
  • Sometimes, the cases have the same ending, so you need to use context to figure out its function/case in the sentence.
Here are some materials to review cases endings and their functions:
  • A google doc that reviews the different case functions.
  • A video that reviews the different cases in different sentences.
  • A review of the first and second declension endings and how they're declined.  (We will review this in the next post, but in case you want to review right now because you miss Latin so much, here it is!)
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Latin Summer Review

7/7/2016

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Salvete, discipuli!  Hello, students!  Check back here every week for some review on what we have learned so far this year.  Check back every Tuesday and Thursday for review materials.   These exercises are completely optional, but I recommend you brush up on some topics before school starts again.  This website will also be running throughout the school year if you want to review then, too.
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    Can't find what you're looking for?

    Look at the list of topics below, and click on the topic you want to review.  All the posts on that topic will appear.

    Topics

    All
    1st Conjugation
    1st Declension
    2nd Declension
    3rd Declension
    Cases
    Declining Nouns
    Imperfect Tense
    Nouns
    Personal Endings
    Prepositions
    Present Tense
    Verbs

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